Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune defense

Question 2

A patient presents with enlarged germinal centers in the cortex of their lymph nodes. What does this finding most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Active infection with increased B cell proliferation

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the thymus?

Accepted Answer

It is largest during childhood and atrophies during adolescence

Question 4

During fetal thymus lymphocyte selection, what happens to cells that react to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

They are destroyed to prevent autoimmune disease

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pathway for lymph drainage from the left side of the body?

Accepted Answer

Cisterna chyli $$ \rightarrow $$ thoracic duct $$ \rightarrow $$ junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 6

Which antibody is most abundant in plasma and accounts for 75%-85% of circulating antibodies?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

A patient receives a shot of antibodies before traveling to a foreign country. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive, artificial immunity

Question 8

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies act against antigens?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization, agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the primary and secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Primary response has a lag time of 3-6 days; secondary response is faster and more prolonged due to immunological memory

Question 10

Which of the following is a paired laryngeal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Arytenoid

Question 11

What is the anatomical reason for the higher pitch of female voices compared to male voices?

Accepted Answer

Shorter and thinner vocal cords in women

Question 12

During inspiration, what happens to intrapulmonary pressure and lung volume?

Accepted Answer

Volume increases and intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Question 13

Which muscles are primarily responsible for inspiration?

Accepted Answer

External intercostals and diaphragm

Question 14

A patient is hyperventilating. What happens to their blood CO2 levels and pH?

Accepted Answer

CO2 decreases, pH increases (blood becomes more basic)

Question 15

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction $$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3} in $$red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 16

What is the typical tidal volume (TV) in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

500 \mathrm{~mL}

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon dioxide is transported in plasma at a higher rate than oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is 20 times more soluble than oxygen

Question 18

A patient has a vital capacity of 3100 \mathrm{~mL}. Which equation best represents vital capacity (VC)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{VC = TV + IRV + ERV}$$

Question 19

Which of the following factors would most likely increase the amount of anatomical dead space in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Damage to alveoli reducing gas exchange

Question 20

Which of the following blood vessels has the highest partial pressure of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems: Study Guide (Chapters 20–22)

Study Guide - Practice Questions