Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune defense

Question 2

Which statement correctly compares lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls and more valves than veins, facilitating one-way flow of lymph

Question 3

A patient presents with swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Which lymphatic organ is most likely involved in filtering pathogens from lymph in this region?

Accepted Answer

Cervical lymph nodes

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity involves memory cells that respond more rapidly upon re-exposure

Question 5

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells (differentiated B cells)

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins would most likely have impaired function of which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents Boyle's Law, which explains the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

$P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2$

Question 8

During forced expiration, which muscle group is most actively involved?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal muscles

Question 9

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following changes in pulmonary function?

Accepted Answer

Decreased expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which fever is produced in response to infection?

Accepted Answer

Release of pyrogens that reset the hypothalamic set point for body temperature

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion down a partial pressure gradient

Question 12

Which formula predicts the effect of changing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + HCO_3^-$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decrease surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 14

A patient with lymphedema is most likely experiencing which physiological problem?

Accepted Answer

Impaired drainage of interstitial fluid by lymphatic vessels

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the role of natural killer (NK) cells in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They directly destroy virus-infected and tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic granules

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is acquired by receiving pre-formed antibodies from another source

Question 17

Which equation describes the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

$O_2 + Hb \rightleftharpoons HbO_2$

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result in a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature, increased $CO_2$, and decreased pH

Question 19

Which anatomical structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 20

A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is unable to mount an effective immune response. Which component of the immune system is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Both B and T lymphocytes

Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems: Study Guide

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