Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between specific (adaptive) and nonspecific (innate) immunity?

Accepted Answer

Specific immunity targets particular pathogens using memory cells, while nonspecific immunity provides a general defense without memory.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after being exposed to rabies. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following structures is part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 4

You are examining a histological slide and observe a structure with crypts and a lining of stratified squamous epithelium. Which lymphatic organ are you most likely viewing?

Accepted Answer

Tonsil

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle layer

Question 6

A child recovers from chickenpox and is later exposed again but does not get sick. Which process best explains this protection?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells produced during the initial infection rapidly produce antibodies upon re-exposure.

Question 7

Which tissue type lines the trachea and is specialized for trapping particles and moving mucus upward?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the thymus in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection.

Question 9

A histology slide shows a structure with a cortex and medulla, lymphoid follicles, and no crypts. Which lymphatic organ is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$atmospheric air at sea level, given that atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}) is 760 $$mmHg and oxygen makes up 21% of air?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.21 	imes 760$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the alveoli are lined with simple squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It allows for rapid diffusion of gases between air and blood.

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing histological feature of the spleen compared to other lymphatic organs?

Accepted Answer

Presence of red pulp and white pulp regions

Question 13

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops immunity without medical intervention. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Natural active immunity

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar duct

Question 15

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cell

Question 16

A person receives a flu vaccine and later develops immunity to that strain. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the path of air from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus

Question 18

Which of the following is a key function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Filtering lymph and initiating immune responses

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bronchi and bronchioles are often confused in histological slides?

Accepted Answer

Bronchi have cartilage plates and larger diameter, while bronchioles lack cartilage and have more smooth muscle.

Question 20

A patient with a genetic defect cannot produce functional helper T cells. Which aspect of immunity would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Activation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

Lymphatic, Immunity, and Respiratory System Lab Study Guide

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