Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They carry lymph from peripheral tissues to veins, returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the thoracic duct. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired lymph drainage from tissues inferior to the diaphragm and the left side of the upper body.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 4

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 5

Which class of antibody is primarily responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins, and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

A person receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are able to absorb interstitial fluid from tissues?

Accepted Answer

They have incomplete basement membranes and overlapping endothelial cells that act as one-way valves.

Question 8

Which lymphocyte type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 9

A patient with a severely ruptured spleen undergoes a splenectomy. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to initiate immune responses to antigens in circulating blood.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and acts against any type of invading agent, while adaptive immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the rapid and elevated antibody response upon a second exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

The presence of memory B cells that quickly differentiate into plasma cells and secrete large amounts of antibodies.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of lymph flow through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Subcapsular space → outer cortex → paracortex → medulla → efferent lymphatics

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the responses of both T cells and B cells by secreting cytokines.

Question 14

A patient is exposed to an allergen for the first time and develops IgE antibodies. Upon subsequent exposure, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, causing the release of histamine and other chemicals that lead to inflammation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the variable segments of antibody molecules?

Accepted Answer

They form the antigen-binding sites and determine the specificity of the antibody.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of MHC proteins in antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC proteins present antigens from intracellular pathogens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 17

A patient with a genetic defect cannot produce complement proteins. Which of the following immune processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and inflammation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why anti-Rh antibodies produced by an Rh-negative mother can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

IgG antibodies can cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of immune responses by B cells and T cells in response to antigens in circulating blood.

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops immunity without medical intervention. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure, Function, and Components

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