Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($E_{ion}$) for a given ion?

$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a channel or carrier protein, without energy input.

Question 2

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $-70\ \mathrm{mV}$. Which of the following best explains why the inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane is more permeable to K$^+$ than to Na$^+$, allowing K$^+$ to diffuse out.

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios would result in the fastest rate of simple diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A large concentration gradient and high membrane permeability.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($E_{ion}$) for a given ion?

Accepted Answer

$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy stored in the gradient of another ion.

Question 7

During an action potential, which event is responsible for the rapid depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated Na$^+$ channels.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the chemical and electrical gradients for Na$^+$ in a typical neuron at rest?

Accepted Answer

Both gradients favor movement of Na$^+$ into the cell.

Question 9

A synaptic transmission involves the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron. Which of the following steps occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated Ca$^{2+}$ channels in the presynaptic terminal.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why temporal summation can trigger an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A single synapse is activated repeatedly in rapid succession, causing graded potentials to add up.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a site for muscle contraction.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms by replacing a pre-existing cartilage model.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate (from epiphysis to diaphysis)?

Accepted Answer

Zone of reserve cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of ossification.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of compact bone but NOT spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Presence of osteons (Haversian systems).

Question 15

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

PTH stimulates osteoclast activity, increasing bone resorption.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a stage of bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Osteon formation.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the Na$^+$/K$^+$ ATPase pump is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na$^+$ out and K$^+$ in, maintaining concentration gradients across the membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Increased parathyroid hormone secretion.

Membrane Transport, Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Transmission, and Bone Tissue: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards