Q: Which of the following equations best represents the percentage of inorganic matrix in bone tissue?

$\frac{\text{weight of inorganic matrix}}{\text{total bone weight}} \times 100$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the percentage of red bone marrow in a given bone sample?

$\frac{\text{volume of red marrow}}{\text{total bone volume}} \times 100$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They produce serous fluid to reduce friction between organs and body walls.

Question 2

A patient presents with inflammation of the pericardium. Which membrane type is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 3

Which layer of a serous membrane is in direct contact with the organ it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

Visceral layer

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a location where mucous membranes are found?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal cavity

Question 5

The cutaneous membrane is unique among membrane types because it:

Accepted Answer

Is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Which membrane type lacks epithelial cells and is composed only of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Synovial membrane

Question 7

A synovial membrane is most likely to be found:

Accepted Answer

Inside freely moveable joints such as the shoulder

Question 8

Which cell type is responsible for secreting mucous in mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle and nervous tissue do not regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

They are terminally differentiated and cannot divide.

Question 10

During tissue repair, what process replaces damaged cardiac muscle and nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis with collagen fibers and fibroblasts

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the percentage of inorganic matrix in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{	ext{weight of inorganic matrix}}{	ext{total bone weight}} 	imes 100$

Question 12

Hydroxyapatite crystals in bone are primarily composed of which two ions?

Accepted Answer

Calcium and phosphate

Question 13

Which protein is most abundant in the organic matrix of bone and provides resistance to tensile forces?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 14

Osteoblasts are responsible for which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Bone formation

Question 15

Which cell type secretes hydrogen ions and enzymes to break down bone matrix during bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteons with concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

Question 17

In spongy bone, osteocytes are localized to lacunae and communicate through which structures?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).

Question 19

A multi-step problem: A patient suffers a fracture in the proximal epiphysis of the femur. Which type of bone marrow is most likely to be found at the site, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow; hematopoiesis

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the percentage of red bone marrow in a given bone sample?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{	ext{volume of red marrow}}{	ext{total bone volume}} 	imes 100$

Membranes of the Human Body: Structure, Types, and Functions

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