Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cutaneous membranes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They act as a protective barrier against physical, chemical, and biological hazards.

Question 2

During the normal healing of a superficial wound, which process occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and clot formation

Question 3

Which statement correctly differentiates between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy; catabolism breaks down complex molecules, releasing energy.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of pH in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$$

Question 5

A patient loses a significant amount of extracellular fluid (ECF) due to dehydration. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will move from the ICF to the ECF, potentially causing cellular shrinkage.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a catalyst in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalysts are consumed during the reaction.

Question 7

Which type of membrane lines body cavities that do NOT open to the exterior and secretes a watery fluid to reduce friction?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 8

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH homeostasis. Which equation best represents the bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a solution in which the solute cannot be distinguished from the solvent and remains evenly distributed?

Accepted Answer

True solution

Question 10

Which of the following is a defining feature of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

They contain carbon and usually hydrogen, often forming large, complex molecules.

Question 11

A wound on the skin heals with minimal scarring. Which phase of tissue repair is responsible for restoring the original tissue architecture?

Accepted Answer

Remodeling (maturation) phase

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mucus membranes are important in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

They trap pathogens and particulates, facilitating their removal from the airway.

Question 13

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between ICF and ECF?

Accepted Answer

ICF is the fluid within cells, while ECF is the fluid outside cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 17

A patient is given a hypertonic intravenous solution. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink due to water leaving the cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a property of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line cavities that open to the exterior.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture with particles too small to settle but large enough to scatter light.

Question 20

Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})$$

Membranes, Tissue Repair, and Foundational Chemistry in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions