Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry?

$$\text{Metabolic Rate (kcal/day)} = \text{L O_2$ consumed/day} \times \text{kcal/L O_2$}$$

Q: A 70 kg male has a resting O$$_2$$ consumption of 430 L/day. If his diet has a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.8, how many kilocalories does he expend per day?

$$430 \times 4.80 = 2064$$ kcal/day

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary metabolic defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency

Question 2

A patient presents with fasting plasma glucose of 130 mg/dL and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of 210 mg/dL. According to diagnostic criteria, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Metabolic Rate (kcal/day)} = 	ext{L O_2$ consumed/day} 	imes 	ext{kcal/L O_2$}$$

Question 4

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 5

A 70 kg male has a resting O$$_2$$ consumption of 430 L/day. If his diet has a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.8, how many kilocalories does he expend per day?

Accepted Answer

$$430 	imes 4.80 = 2064$$ kcal/day

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the absence of insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Increased ketone body production leading to metabolic acidosis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the liver during the fasting (postabsorptive) state?

Accepted Answer

It releases glucose into the blood via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Administering exogenous glucagon

Question 9

Which of the following best defines gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the respiratory quotient (RQ) is correct?

Accepted Answer

An RQ of 0.8 is typical for a pure protein diet

Question 11

Which of the following is a harmful substance produced by the liver during excessive fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the conversion of amino acids for energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Deamination → Ammonia → Urea → Excretion

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the renal threshold?

Accepted Answer

The maximum rate at which the kidneys can reabsorb glucose

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the brain's energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The brain relies solely on glucose for energy under normal conditions

Question 16

Which of the following factors can be voluntarily changed to influence metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Energy intake and physical activity

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct definition of lipolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the absorptive (fed) state?

Accepted Answer

Blood levels of glucose, amino acids, and insulin are high, and glycogenesis is occurring

Question 19

Which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram when metabolized?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Suppresses glucose uptake and stimulates gluconeogenesis

Metabolic Principles and Pathology: Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Rate

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