$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis in skeletal muscle and liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

A patient is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which metabolic pathway would be activated to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and uses coenzymes NADH and FADH2 to generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis: the conversion of glucose into glycogen.

Question 7

If oxygen is absent during glycolysis, what is the fate of pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into lactic acid, allowing NADH to be oxidized back to NAD+.

Question 8

Which coenzyme yields the most ATP when oxidized in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH (yields 2.5 ATP per molecule)

Question 9

A person’s Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is measured when they are:

Accepted Answer

Rested and fasted, reflecting energy needed for essential activities.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why lipids are transported in the blood via lipoproteins?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic and blood is mostly water, so lipoproteins allow lipids to be carried in the bloodstream.

Question 11

Which metabolic pathway is stimulated by cortisol and epinephrine, and results in the breakdown of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 12

During the transition step of cellular respiration, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. What is the byproduct released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$CO_2)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP, producing ATP without the need for coenzymes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 15

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is released to promote the storage of glucose as glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids or lipids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 17

If the electron transport chain is not functioning due to lack of oxygen, what happens to NADH and FADH2?

Accepted Answer

They cannot donate their electrons and must be converted back to their oxidized forms by alternative pathways, such as lactic acid formation.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and releases CO2 as a byproduct per glucose molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct summary of ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during cellular aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

32 net ATP

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing electrons and H+ to combine and form water.

Metabolism and Cellular Respiration: Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions