Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between exergonic and endergonic reactions in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Energy released from exergonic catabolic reactions is used to fuel endergonic anabolic reactions, such as ATP synthesis.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a dangerous drop in blood pH due to the accumulation of ketone bodies. Which metabolic process is most directly responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Ketogenesis

Question 3

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules produced from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 4

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

Question 5

A person has not eaten for 12 hours. Which metabolic state are they most likely in, and which process is most active?

Accepted Answer

Postabsorptive state; gluconeogenesis

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a possible source for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 7

What is the primary function of the urea cycle in amino acid catabolism?

Accepted Answer

To remove ammonia by converting it into urea for excretion

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered an unstable molecule?

Accepted Answer

The negatively charged phosphate groups repel each other, creating strain on the molecule.

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 10

A patient with a BMI of $$32.0 is at $$increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The liver synthesizes about $$85\% of $$the body's required cholesterol.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It is reduced to lactate.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the catabolism of dietary proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are then deaminated and the ammonia is converted to urea.

Question 14

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 16

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from dietary sources.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP using the energy from the flow of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of anabolism in the body?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids yield more ATP than glucose when oxidized?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms, providing more electrons for the electron transport chain.

Question 20

Which of the following processes occurs primarily in the liver and is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Metabolism and Nutrition: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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