Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down large molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from smaller ones.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 4

Which process occurs in the cytosol and does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 5

A patient is experiencing hypoxia (low oxygen). Which metabolic pathway will be most affected, and what is the likely consequence for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain will be inhibited, leading to decreased ATP production.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about oxidation and reduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 7

In the electron transport chain, what is the final electron acceptor, and what is formed as a result?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; water

Question 8

Which coenzyme is reduced to form NADH during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 9

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which of the following will occur to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate will be reduced to lactate.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the majority of ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation rather than glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation uses the energy from electrons transferred through the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 11

A mutation causes ATP synthase to become nonfunctional. What immediate effect would this have on cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect in NAD+ synthesis would have difficulty with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, due to impaired electron transfer.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the energy yield from glucose metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule yields approximately 30-32 ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing continued ATP production.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely occur if the inner mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons (H+)?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation would decrease.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen synthesis from glucose molecules.

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology (BIO 141)

Study Guide - Practice Questions