Q: If the DNA template strand has the sequence 3'-TACAGTGCGGGATTAACT-5', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?

$$5'\text{AUGUCACGCCCUAAUUGA}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are typically single and circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are multiple and linear.

Question 2

A bacterial cell acquires a gene for antibiotic resistance from its environment without direct contact with another cell. Which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose sugar

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 5

If the DNA template strand has the sequence 3'-TACAGTGCGGGATTAACT-5', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUGUCACGCCCUAAUUGA}3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about plasmids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.

Question 7

Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a pilus?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 8

A bacteriophage accidentally packages host DNA and transfers it to another bacterium. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are coded by multiple codons, allowing for correct amino acid insertion even if a mutation occurs.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 11

A scientist wants to introduce a new gene into a bacterial cell using a process that does not require direct cell-to-cell contact. Which method should be used?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of information flow according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Question 14

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 3'-TAC-5' to 3'-TAT-5'. What is the effect on the mRNA and the resulting amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon changes from AUG to UAU, resulting in a different amino acid.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Question 17

A patient is infected with a bacterial strain that has acquired a toxin gene from a bacteriophage. Which genetic process most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the F factor in bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

It is a plasmid that carries genes for pilus formation and DNA transfer.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why transformation is useful in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

It enables the uptake of foreign DNA by bacterial cells without the need for direct contact.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation $$\rightarrow$$ Protein synthesis

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