Question 1

Which part of the microscope is primarily responsible for regulating the amount of light that reaches the specimen?

Accepted Answer

Iris diaphragm

Question 2

A student is using a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens. What is the total magnification being used?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 40 = 400$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the coarse adjustment knob on a microscope?

Accepted Answer

It moves the stage up and down rapidly to bring the specimen into general focus.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the process of autolysis, where a cell digests itself after being damaged?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 6

A patient is given two antibiotics to choose from: PenikillEm (molecular weight 450 g/mol, stored cold) and AzithroLyse'Em (molecular weight 200 g/mol, stored at room temperature). Both must diffuse into the bloodstream from muscle. Which will diffuse faster and why?

Accepted Answer

AzithroLyse'Em, because it has a lower molecular weight and is stored at a warmer temperature.

Question 7

If a person drinks a solution that is hypertonic compared to their body fluids, what will happen to their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of potentially toxic substances

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with two nuclei, each with a full set of chromosomes, but the cell has not yet divided into two separate cells. Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Gatorade and similar sports drinks are effective for rehydration after exercise?

Accepted Answer

They are hypotonic, allowing water to move into cells by osmosis.

Question 12

If a cell is unable to produce ribosomes due to a toxin affecting the nucleolus, what process will be directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From low solute concentration to high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane

Question 14

A cancer drug prevents the disassembly of the mitotic spindle. At which stage of mitosis would this drug most likely arrest the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 16

A solution has a lower solute concentration than the cytosol of a cell. What will happen to the cell if it is placed in this solution?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and swell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 18

If a student adds a large amount of salt to their sports drink, making it hypertonic, what is the most likely effect on their body cells after drinking it?

Accepted Answer

Cells will lose water and shrink.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules, according to the principles of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Smaller molecules move more rapidly due to their lower mass.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitosis phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Microscopy, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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