$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 36\text{ATP}$$

$$\text{Na}^+ \text{influx} \rightarrow \text{depolarization} \rightarrow \text{K}^+ \text{efflux} \rightarrow \text{repolarization}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum in a typical long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is a protective connective tissue membrane that serves as a passage for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 2

Which bone is classified as a short bone?

Accepted Answer

Carpal

Question 3

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which process describes the step-by-step repair of this bone?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between yellow and red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow stores fat and is found in the medullary cavity of long bones; red marrow produces blood cells and is found in spongy bone.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the process of ATP generation in muscle cells during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Question 7

A muscle cell is stimulated repeatedly at a high frequency, resulting in a sustained contraction with no relaxation. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Fused tetanus

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, triggering an action potential.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an isotonic muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Lifting a dumbbell through a full range of motion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight'; parasympathetic promotes 'rest and digest'.

Question 11

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the pathway of light through the eye?

Accepted Answer

Cornea → Pupil → Lens → Retina → Optic nerve

Question 13

Which equation represents the process of action potential generation in a neuron, focusing on sodium and potassium ion movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Na}^+ 	ext{influx} ightarrow 	ext{depolarization} ightarrow 	ext{K}^+ 	ext{efflux} ightarrow 	ext{repolarization}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons carry signals from receptors to the CNS; efferent neurons carry signals from the CNS to effectors.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

It provides physical protection, removes waste, and supplies nutrients to the CNS.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a synergist muscle action?

Accepted Answer

The brachialis assisting the biceps brachii during elbow flexion

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why substances must be dissolved in a liquid medium to be tasted or smelled?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved substances can bind to receptor proteins on sensory cells, allowing detection.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between rods and cones in the eye?

Accepted Answer

Rods are found in the periphery and detect dim light; cones are concentrated in the fovea and detect color.

Module 2 Study Guide: The Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous Systems, and Special Senses

Study Guide - Practice Questions