Question 1

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature by absorbing large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids containing a salt. What property of salts makes them suitable for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate in water to form electrolytes, which conduct electricity.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil molecules are nonpolar and hydrophobic, lacking charged ends to interact with water.

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic because it has more hydrogen ions ($[H^+]$) than hydroxide ions ($[OH^-]$).

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 6

If a base is added to a solution, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions ($[H^+]$) in that solution?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightleftharpoons H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 8

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.1. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, which can disrupt enzyme function.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its polar covalent bonds allow it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 10

A solution contains a weak acid and its corresponding anion. What is the primary function of this mixture in the body?

Accepted Answer

To act as a buffer and minimize changes in pH.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules have full or partially charged ends and dissolve in water.

Question 12

A salt is dissolved in water and the solution conducts electricity. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The salt dissociates into ions, which are free to move and carry electric current.

Question 13

If the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M, what is the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids and hydrogen ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

Acids are proton donors and increase the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in solution.

Question 15

A buffer system in the blood involves carbonic acid ($H_2CO_3$) and bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$). Which equation best represents this buffer system?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + HCO_3^-$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of water acting as a lubricant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Synovial fluid in joints reduces friction between bones.

Module 2.4 Inorganic Compounds: Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts

Study Guide - Practice Questions