Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a clearly defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. The bacteria are found to be gram-negative. Which staining method and cell wall characteristic would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Gram stain; thinner cell wall with less peptidoglycan

Question 3

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires cellular energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

A scientist observes a microorganism under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleus, mitochondria, and a complex cytoskeleton. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 5

Which part of the cell is responsible for synthesizing proteins and can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 6

A microbiologist is using a compound microscope to observe bacteria. If the objective lens is 40x and the eyepiece is 10x, what is the total magnification?

Accepted Answer

$$40 	imes 10 = 400$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes glycoproteins and glycolipids, and packages proteins for secretion

Question 8

A bacterial cell is found to survive in environments without oxygen. Which term best describes this organism?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobe

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Bringing things into the cell via vesicle formation

Question 10

A patient presents with a fungal infection. Which of the following statements about fungi is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that contain chitin in their cell walls.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why biofilms are medically significant?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms allow microorganisms to lay dormant and resist antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material for cell division

Question 13

A microbiologist is trying to distinguish between two bacterial samples. One stains purple and the other stains pink after a Gram stain. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The purple-stained bacteria are gram-positive and the pink-stained are gram-negative.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the arrangement 'streptococcus'?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria arranged in chains

Question 15

Which of the following statements about prions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles that affect neural tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion of oxygen molecules

Question 17

A patient is infected with a virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of pili in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and exchange of genetic material

Question 19

Which of the following environmental factors would most likely inhibit bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

High salt concentration

Question 20

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses require a host cell to replicate and are not considered living organisms.

ST mod 4 notes

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