Question 1

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that resists pH change by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 4$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are found in animal fats and are solid at room temperature.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Based on the factors that regulate protein synthesis, what effect would this condition have on protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Decrease protein synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 6

Which statement best explains why lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Lipids have a higher proportion of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy when broken.

Question 7

Which of the following amino acids is classified as indispensable (essential) and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 8

A solution is made by mixing sugar and water. Which term best describes this mixture?

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous solution

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 11

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a double helix with complementary base pairing.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)?

Accepted Answer

Carry cholesterol from the body tissues to the liver for breakdown and excretion.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with guanine

Question 15

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animal muscle tissue and is crucial for energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 16

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about essential fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are necessary in the diet and cannot be left out.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The DNA molecule unwinds and information from DNA is transferred to mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes and transporters

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A mixture where particles remain evenly distributed in the water, such as blood plasma.

Molecular Interactions and Biomolecules: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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