Question 1

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 2

At which structural level does a phospholipid molecule primarily function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular level

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 4

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges

Question 6

Which molecule is most likely to dissolve in water due to its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing or binding H+ ions to minimize pH changes

Question 8

Which equation represents the bicarbonate buffer system in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a polymer made up of amino acid monomers?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 10

Which structural level of protein involves hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms, forming alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 11

Which of the following is the major storage form of carbohydrate in human skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

A triglyceride is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 13

Which of the following is a hydrophobic molecule with a ring hydrocarbon structure, such as cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix of two nucleotide chains

Question 15

Which nucleotide base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil (U)

Question 16

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which of the following is true about organic molecules in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They always contain carbon bonded to hydrogen

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fuel for energy production

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water; hydrophobic molecules do not

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water

Molecular Physiology Foundations: Elements, Organization, and Chemical Basis of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions