Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell production

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty in voluntary movement but retains normal heart rate and digestion. Which muscle type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which statement best describes the difference between tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Tendons attach muscle to bone; ligaments attach bone to bone.

Question 4

Which muscle type is characterized by striated, branched, uninucleated fibers and is found only in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 5

What is the role of fascia in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It protects muscle, attaches muscle to bone, and provides a structure for nerves and vessels.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle cannot develop a large oxygen debt?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue would result, compromising heart function.

Question 7

A sprain is an injury to which structure?

Accepted Answer

Tendon

Question 8

Which process occurs first during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential spreads from nerve terminal to neuromuscular junction

Question 9

Which equation best represents the breakdown of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Acetylcholine} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{acetylcholinesterase}} \mathrm{Acetic\ acid} + \mathrm{Choline}$$

Question 10

Which structure in skeletal muscle is responsible for propagating electrical impulses for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcolemma

Question 11

A patient with muscle wasting will show which change in creatine and creatinine excretion?

Accepted Answer

Decreased creatinine, increased creatine

Question 12

Which muscle type is most likely to be affected in a patient with decreased internal organ function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A group of muscle fibers innervated by a single axon

Question 14

Which muscle is responsible for elevating and retracting the mandible?

Accepted Answer

Temporalis

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the sarcotubular system in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules.

Question 16

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing and rotating the head?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why higher innervation ratios in skeletal muscle prevent fatigue?

Accepted Answer

More muscle fibers per axon allow for distributed workload and endurance.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of calcium ions migrating from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to myofilaments during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin

Question 19

Which muscle is responsible for extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm?

Accepted Answer

Latissimus dorsi

Question 20

Which of the following changes is most commonly associated with aging and muscular function?

Accepted Answer

Decreased range of motion and muscle mass (sarcopenia)

Anatomy: Muscle

Study Guide - Practice Questions