Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Which of the following is the most likely physiological explanation?

Accepted Answer

Inability of a muscle to maintain tension despite continued stimulation of the muscle.

Question 3

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is best suited for endurance activities such as marathon running?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 4

During the cross bridge cycle, what event directly causes the myosin head to detach from actin?

Accepted Answer

Binding of ATP to the myosin head

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between current ($$I$$), voltage ($$V$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 6

A muscle with a pennate fascicle arrangement is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Generate more power but less range of motion compared to a parallel muscle.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the conduction velocity of an action potential is faster in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node via saltatory conduction.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs first at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron

Question 10

Which of the following muscle types is involuntary and contains striations?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 11

A muscle acting as an antagonist will:

Accepted Answer

Oppose the action of the prime mover.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the muscle fascicle arrangement with its description?

Accepted Answer

Circular: Fascicles arranged in concentric rings

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It increases the number of capillaries surrounding muscle fibers.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of events in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels along sarcolemma → Calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum → Cross bridge formation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of increasing stimulus frequency on muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

Tension will increase as stimuli are delivered before relaxation is complete, producing temporal (wave) summation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of unitary (single-unit) smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cells joined by gap junctions and contract as a unit.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It increases the size of individual muscle fibers (hypertrophy).

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating mechanical advantage in a lever system?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mechanical Advantage} = \frac{	ext{Length of effort arm}}{	ext{Length of load arm}}$$

Muscle and Nervous System Structure and Function: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions