Q: Which equation represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow 2 \text{ATP} + 2 \text{Lactate}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) $$necessary for crossbridge formation.

Question 2

During a biceps curl, which muscle acts as the antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 3

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which ATP regeneration pathway is most likely being used during the initial seconds of activity?

Accepted Answer

Direct phosphorylation by creatine phosphate

Question 5

Which of the following is a structural difference between smooth and skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells lack striations, while skeletal muscle cells are striated.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why large motor units are suited for postural muscles?

Accepted Answer

They allow for sustained contractions with less fine control.

Question 7

Which equation represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{ATP} + 2 	ext{Lactate}$$

Question 8

Which neuroglia cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 9

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the withdrawal reflex?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It moves $$3\ \mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K^+} in$$, creating a net negative charge inside the cell.

Question 11

During crossbridge cycling, which event occurs immediately after ATP binds to the myosin head?

Accepted Answer

The myosin head detaches from actin.

Question 12

Which of the following changes occurs in muscle tissue as a result of regular aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density

Question 13

A nerve impulse travels down an axon and triggers neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Which process converts the electrical signal to a chemical signal?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ channels open, allowing $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ influx and vesicle fusion.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes temporal summation in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the frequency of stimulation to produce stronger contractions

Question 15

Which of the following is a functional advantage of aerobic ATP production in muscle?

Accepted Answer

It produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic pathways.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the propagation of an action potential along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of one segment causes voltage-gated channels in the next segment to open.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct match between nervous system structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia: clusters of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 18

A muscle fiber is stimulated repeatedly at high frequency, resulting in a sustained contraction. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the increased force?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation increases the number of crossbridges formed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of resistance exercise on muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased synthesis of contractile proteins

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of myelination on action potential conduction?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of conduction via saltatory propagation.

Muscle and Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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