Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contracts involuntarily, while smooth muscle contracts voluntarily.

Question 2

A patient is asked to hold a weight steady without moving it. Which type of muscle contraction is primarily occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 3

During anaerobic metabolism in muscle, which process is responsible for the rapid generation of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation

Question 4

Which equation best represents aerobic ATP production in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 5

Which factor most directly increases the force of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of motor units recruited

Question 6

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 7

Which of the following is a functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 8

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily established by:

Accepted Answer

The differential permeability of the membrane to $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ ions and the activity of the sodium-potassium pump

Question 9

Which of the following best describes how an action potential propagates along an axolemma?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization at one segment causes voltage-gated $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ channels to open in the next segment, resulting in a wave-like transmission

Question 10

Which factor would most likely increase the conduction velocity of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Increased axon diameter and presence of myelin sheath

Question 11

At a synapse, which event characterizes an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

Accepted Answer

Opening of ligand-gated $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ channels leading to depolarization

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Which motor area of the brain is responsible for planning complex movements?

Accepted Answer

Premotor cortex

Question 14

Which sensory area of the brain processes auditory information?

Accepted Answer

Primary auditory cortex

Question 15

Which structure allows communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of voluntary muscle movement

Question 17

Which nucleus in the medulla is responsible for regulating heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac center

Question 18

How does the cerebellum communicate with the cerebrum to coordinate movement?

Accepted Answer

Via the thalamus, which relays information between the cerebellum and motor cortex

Question 19

Which structure is NOT part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the ascending tracts in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

They carry sensory information from the body to the brain.

Essay Questions

Study Guide - Practice Questions