Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule in skeletal muscle?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 36\text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic contractile unit where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.

Question 2

During the excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle, what is the primary effect of calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose binding sites on actin.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after prolonged exercise. Which process is most likely responsible for the initial rapid recovery of muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Restoration of ion gradients across the sarcolemma by Na+/K+ ATPase.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the effect of blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will be unable to initiate an action potential.

Question 6

If a neurotransmitter opens chloride channels on the postsynaptic membrane, what is the likely effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It will hyperpolarize and become less likely to fire an action potential.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the propagation of an action potential along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 8

Which type of neuron is most likely to be found in the retina and is responsible for transmitting visual information?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 9

A muscle fiber is stimulated repeatedly at a high frequency, resulting in sustained contraction without relaxation. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Tetanus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$	ext{Na}^+/	ext{K}^+$$ ATPase) in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by actively transporting 3 $$	ext{Na}^+$$ out and 2 $$	ext{K}^+ in.$$

Question 11

Which of the following muscle types is most resistant to fatigue and is primarily used for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow-twitch) fibers

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is most likely to cause inhibition of postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 13

If a mutation causes the voltage-gated potassium channels in a neuron to remain closed during repolarization, what is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization will be delayed, prolonging the action potential.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane, initiating contraction.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the resting membrane potential using the Nernst equation for potassium ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_K = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{	ext{outside}}}{[K^+]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of agonist and antagonist muscles during movement?

Accepted Answer

Agonists contract to produce movement while antagonists relax to allow the movement.

Question 17

A patient is given a drug that blocks acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction will be prolonged due to increased acetylcholine.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Type IIb muscle fibers fatigue more quickly than Type I fibers?

Accepted Answer

Type IIb fibers rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis, which produces less ATP and more lactic acid.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing extracellular potassium concentration on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential becomes less negative (depolarized).

Question 20

A patient presents with muscle weakness and is found to have a defect in the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Muscle and Nervous Tissue: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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