Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural organization of skeletal muscle from largest to smallest component?

Accepted Answer

Muscle $$\rightarrow$$ fascicle $$\rightarrow$$ muscle fiber $$\rightarrow$$ myofibril

Question 2

A patient is unable to flex their elbow due to a nerve injury. Which muscle group is most likely affected, and what is the role of its antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Flexors; antagonists produce extension at the elbow

Question 3

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds an entire skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which structure stores and releases calcium ions necessary for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Which protein binds calcium during the process of muscle contraction, allowing crossbridge formation?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 6

A muscle fiber is stimulated to contract. Which event occurs first in the crossbridge cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP binds to myosin, causing it to detach from actin

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the difference between temporal summation and recruitment in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation affects a single motor unit; recruitment affects multiple motor units

Question 8

Which pathway provides the fastest ATP regeneration during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Direct phosphorylation by creatine phosphate

Question 9

During intense exercise, which metabolic change is most likely to occur in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increase in lactate production within muscle cells

Question 10

Which statement correctly compares aerobic and anaerobic pathways for ATP production in muscle?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic pathway is 2.5x faster but only 5% as efficient as aerobic pathway

Question 11

Which part of a neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 12

A nerve impulse travels rapidly along a myelinated axon. What is the primary function of myelination?

Accepted Answer

To increase signal speed by insulating the axon

Question 13

Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of Na-K pumps in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Na-K pumps actively transport Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+ in to $$maintain constant charge

Question 15

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which part of the neuron integrates these signals to determine if an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the propagation of an action potential along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials travel as a single unit, with each part of the axon generating its part

Question 17

Which of the following best describes hyperpolarization in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Membrane potential becomes more negative than resting

Question 18

A researcher observes that increasing the number of active motor units in a muscle increases the force produced. Which principle does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the chemical signaling at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal, binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, causing depolarization

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia (support cells of the nervous system)?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of electrical impulses

Muscle Microanatomy, Mechanisms of Contraction, Muscle Activation, Biochemistry, and Nervous System Organization

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