Question 1

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated?

Accepted Answer

They develop from the fusion of multiple embryonic myoblasts.

Question 2

A patient suffers a heart attack that damages cardiac muscle tissue. Which statement best describes the regenerative capacity of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has very limited regenerative ability and is mostly replaced by scar tissue.

Question 3

Which muscle fascicle arrangement is best suited for generating the greatest power, and why?

Accepted Answer

Multipennate arrangement, because it packs the most fibers into a given area.

Question 4

During development, which event is responsible for the initial contraction of cardiac muscle cells in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells begin pumping at about 3 weeks of embryonic development.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanical advantage of a lever system where the load is close to the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum?

Accepted Answer

It operates at a mechanical advantage (power lever), allowing a small effort to move a large load.

Question 6

A person is standing on their toes, using their calf muscles. Which class of lever is being demonstrated, and what is the order of the components?

Accepted Answer

Second-class lever: fulcrum, load, effort

Question 7

Which of the following muscle names indicates both the number of origins and the location of the muscle?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 8

A muscle that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover so that it can act more efficiently is called a:

Accepted Answer

Fixator

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference in muscle mass between males and females?

Accepted Answer

Males have a higher percentage of muscle mass due to testosterone, but the strength per unit muscle mass is the same in both sexes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life example of a first-class lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Nodding the head (atlanto-occipital joint)

Question 11

A muscle with fascicles arranged in a circular pattern is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Control the opening and closing of body orifices, such as the orbicularis oris.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why parallel muscle fascicle arrangements allow for greater range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Fascicles run parallel to the long axis, allowing the muscle to shorten more.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for mechanical advantage in a lever system?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Mechanical Advantage} = \frac{	ext{Length of Effort Arm}}{	ext{Length of Load Arm}} $$

Question 14

A 70-year-old patient is experiencing a gradual loss of muscle mass and strength. What is the most likely diagnosis, and what intervention can help reverse this process?

Accepted Answer

Sarcopenia; regular exercise can help reverse it.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of a synergist muscle during movement?

Accepted Answer

It adds extra force to the same movement or reduces undesirable movements.

Question 16

Which muscle name provides information about its action, location, and length?

Accepted Answer

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 17

A muscle that opposes or reverses a particular movement is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Question 18

Which of the following statements about muscle development in infants is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neuromuscular coordination develops from head to toe and proximal to distal.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the arrangement of fascicles in a pennate muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon, increasing the number of fibers per area.

Question 20

A patient presents with intermittent claudication due to blocked distal arteries. Which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Leg muscles

Muscle Structure, Development, and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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