Question 1

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers and merges to form tendons?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 2

During the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, which ion binds to troponin to expose myosin binding sites on actin?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 3

A patient is unable to maintain posture and has decreased muscle tone. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 5

If a muscle fiber is repeatedly stimulated before it has fully relaxed, which phenomenon occurs, resulting in increased tension?

Accepted Answer

Wave summation

Question 6

Which energy reserve in muscle is used for rapid ATP regeneration during the first few seconds of intense activity?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 7

A person is running a marathon. Which process provides the majority of ATP for muscle contraction after the first few minutes?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 8

Which type of neuron carries instructions from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) neuron

Question 9

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Form myelin sheaths

Question 10

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential jumps from node to node in myelinated axons

Question 11

A graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane is called:

Accepted Answer

IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential)

Question 12

Which equation best represents the ATP hydrolysis reaction during the crossbridge cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Pi}$$

Question 13

Which structure in the neuron is responsible for receiving and processing incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 14

A patient presents with rapid, involuntary muscle contractions followed by no relaxation at all. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Complete tetanus

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the all-or-none principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potential occurs only if threshold is reached

Question 16

Which of the following ions is primarily responsible for repolarization of the neuron membrane during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

K$$^{+}$$

Question 17

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which type of reflex is this?

Accepted Answer

Flexor (withdrawal) reflex

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the rapid increase in muscle tension when multiple motor units are activated simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why lactic acid builds up in muscle during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis is occurring due to insufficient oxygen

Muscle System, Nervous System, General & Special Senses: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions