Question 1

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 2

During a muscle twitch, which event occurs as a result of a single action potential?

Accepted Answer

One quick contraction followed by relaxation.

Question 3

Which muscle fiber type is most likely to be recruited during a marathon runner's sustained activity?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 4

A patient presents with temporary paralysis after intense exercise. Which physiological explanation best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fatigue caused by ionic imbalances and insufficient calcium.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding muscle metabolism during intense, short-duration exercise?

Accepted Answer

ATP is generated by stealing a phosphate from creatine phosphate.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of ADP to ATP using creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Creatine\ Phosphate} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{Creatine}$$

Question 7

Which muscle fiber type has the highest myoglobin concentration and is least likely to fatigue quickly?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 8

A normal dad playing basketball with his toddler is most likely using which muscle fiber type?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 9

Which of the following statements about muscle tone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone is a constant slight contraction that keeps muscles primed for action.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Multiple nuclei per cell

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for external calcium storage in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Caveolae

Question 12

Which regulatory proteins are involved in smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calmodulin and myosin kinase

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle can regenerate while skeletal muscle cannot?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells undergo hyperplasia, allowing cell division.

Question 14

During aerobic respiration, how many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$

Question 15

Which connective tissue wrapping is found in both skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter storage structure is unique to smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Varicosities

Question 17

Which process is responsible for increasing muscle cell size during resistance training?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Question 18

Which muscle fiber type is most likely to be recruited during a sprint?

Accepted Answer

Fast glycolytic fibers

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature unique to smooth muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Ability to stretch and return to original size

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the contraction mechanism of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Twisting or wringing motion due to diagonal arrangement of myofilaments

Muscle System: Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions