Q: Which equation best represents the energy cycle during cross bridge cycling in muscle contraction?

$$\text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between muscle force and motor unit recruitment?

$$\text{Total Force} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \text{Force}_{\text{motor unit }i}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, while cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.

Question 2

A patient is unable to move their arm after nerve damage, but the muscle tissue remains intact. Which property of muscle tissue is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Excitability

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which event occurs FIRST in the excitation-contraction coupling process?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels along the sarcolemma

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each individual skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 5

A muscle fiber is stimulated repeatedly before it fully relaxes, resulting in a stronger contraction. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 6

Which protein blocks myosin-binding sites on actin in a relaxed skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 7

In the sliding filament model, what happens to the sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere shortens as thin filaments slide past thick filaments.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the energy cycle during cross bridge cycling in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle can sustain contractions for long periods with minimal energy use?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle uses calmodulin instead of troponin for calcium binding, leading to slower, sustained contractions.

Question 10

A muscle is holding a heavy object in place without moving it. Which type of contraction is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 11

Which structure stores calcium ions and releases them during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding motor units?

Accepted Answer

Small motor units are recruited first for fine control, followed by larger units for greater force.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of myoglobin in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It binds oxygen to supply muscle cells during contraction.

Question 14

During aerobic exercise, which adaptation occurs in skeletal muscle to improve endurance?

Accepted Answer

Increase in capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binds to receptors, causing depolarization, then acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Moving blood through the heart

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between muscle force and motor unit recruitment?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Force} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} 	ext{Force}_{	ext{motor unit }i}$$

Question 18

Which structural protein helps the sarcomere recoil after stretching?

Accepted Answer

Titin

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why indirect muscle attachments are more common than direct attachments?

Accepted Answer

Tendons are strong, durable, and space-saving.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle contraction is triggered by calcium binding to calmodulin.

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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