Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all muscle tissue types?

Accepted Answer

Secretion: ability to release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty maintaining posture and body position. Which muscle tissue function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining posture

Question 3

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

Skeletal muscle fibers are described as:

Accepted Answer

Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations

Question 5

During muscle contraction, which event directly requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Detachment of the myosin head from actin

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Creatine\ phosphate + ADP \rightarrow Creatine + ATP}$

Question 7

Which muscle type can contract without nervous system stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 8

A muscle twitch consists of three phases. Which phase corresponds to the reentry of Ca$^{2+}$ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation period

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the 'size principle' in motor unit recruitment?

Accepted Answer

Smaller motor units are recruited first, followed by larger units as stimulus intensity increases

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the rapid production of ATP during short, intense exercise, but only provides enough energy for about 15 seconds?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate

Question 11

During the cross bridge cycle, what is the role of ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

It cocks the myosin head into a high-energy state

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between isometric and isotonic muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contractions increase muscle tension without shortening, while isotonic contractions result in muscle shortening

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why muscle fibers contract asynchronously within a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

To prevent muscle fatigue

Question 14

Which equation represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Glucose \rightarrow 2\ Pyruvic\ acid + 2\ ATP}$

Question 15

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for maintaining posture and endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 16

A marathon runner relies primarily on which pathway for ATP synthesis during prolonged activity?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of muscle tone in relaxed muscles?

Accepted Answer

It keeps muscles firm, healthy, and ready to respond

Question 18

Which of the following events occurs FIRST at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated calcium channels open in the motor neuron

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts at a steady rate due to its own pacemaker

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of increased frequency of muscle stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Fused (complete) tetanus

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Types

Study Guide - Practice Questions