Q: Which of the following equations best represents the transformation of chemical energy to mechanical energy in muscle contraction?

$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of muscle tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transform chemical energy (ATP) into directed mechanical energy for exerting force

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and frequent falls. Genetic testing reveals a defective gene for dystrophin. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Defective dystrophin destabilizes the sarcolemma, allowing excess calcium entry and muscle fiber damage

Question 3

Which connective tissue sheath surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

Which type of muscle tissue is striated and involuntary?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 5

During muscle contraction, which protein forms cross bridges with actin?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 6

Which of the following is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 7

A muscle attaches to bone at two points. The attachment to the immovable or less movable bone is called:

Accepted Answer

Origin

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all muscle tissues?

Accepted Answer

Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity

Question 9

Which muscle tissue type is found in the walls of hollow organs and is not striated?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 10

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions to regulate contraction

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of thick and thin filaments in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Thick filaments are composed of myosin and are connected at the M line; thin filaments are composed of actin and are anchored to Z discs

Question 12

A triad in skeletal muscle consists of:

Accepted Answer

One T tubule and two terminal cisterns

Question 13

Which protein links thin filaments to the sarcolemma and is defective in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the transformation of chemical energy to mechanical energy in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$

Question 15

Which of the following is a regulatory protein bound to actin that controls muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 16

A muscle fiber is stimulated by a nerve impulse. Which structure allows the electrical signal to penetrate deep into the fiber?

Accepted Answer

T tubule

Question 17

Which connective tissue sheath blends with fascia and surrounds the entire muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the extensibility and elasticity of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Extensibility is the ability to be stretched; elasticity is the ability to recoil to resting length

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle fibers require a rich blood supply?

Accepted Answer

To supply oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products during contraction

Question 20

A muscle contraction is initiated when calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Which process directly triggers this release?

Accepted Answer

Change in voltage sensor proteins in the T tubule membrane

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Types

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