Question 1

Which of the following muscle types is both striated and involuntary?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 2

A patient suffers from muscle fatigue after prolonged exercise. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a direct cause of this fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of oxygen reserves in the muscle

Question 3

During the cross bridge cycle, what event directly allows the myosin head to detach from actin?

Accepted Answer

Binding of ATP to the myosin head

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$necessary for contraction.

Question 5

A marathon runner’s muscles adapt to endurance training by increasing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Muscle fiber length

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine $$\rightarrow$$ binding to sarcolemma receptors $$\rightarrow$$ action potential generation $$\rightarrow$$ calcium release

Question 7

Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle fibers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are the longest muscle cells and have multiple nuclei.

Question 8

A patient with paralysis due to nerve damage experiences muscle atrophy. Which of the following best explains why muscle tissue is replaced by connective tissue in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Loss of neural stimulation leads to degeneration and loss of muscle mass, which is replaced by connective tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary, while skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of myoglobin in muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores oxygen for use during muscle contraction.

Question 11

During excitation-contraction coupling, what is the role of T tubules?

Accepted Answer

They conduct action potentials deep into the muscle fiber.

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary determinant of muscle power?

Accepted Answer

The number of cells in the muscle

Question 13

A weightlifter is performing short, intense bursts of activity. Which energy source is primarily used during the first few seconds of this activity?

Accepted Answer

Stored ATP and creatine phosphate

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs FIRST in the process of muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Binding of acetylcholine to membrane receptors on the sarcolemma

Question 15

Which of the following adaptations is most likely to occur in muscle tissue as a result of resistance (anaerobic) exercise?

Accepted Answer

Muscle hypertrophy due to increased fiber size

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why extra oxygen is required after vigorous exercise (EPOC)?

Accepted Answer

To replenish ATP, creatine phosphate, and oxygen reserves, and to convert lactic acid to pyruvic acid

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It is the functional unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that prevents the reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged muscle contraction and inability to relax

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contracts at a steady rate due to its own pacemaker.

Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Types, and Functions

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