Question 1

Which muscle is the principal muscle of inspiration, and what is its main action during breathing?

Accepted Answer

DIAPHRAGMUL; contracts and flattens to increase thoracic volume during inspiration

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty abducting their arm at the shoulder joint. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL SUPRASPINOS

Question 3

Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the scapula and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL SUBSCAPULAR; medial rotation and adduction of the arm

Question 4

During forced expiration, which group of muscles is primarily responsible for lowering the ribs?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHII INTERCOSTALI INTERNI

Question 5

A patient has a lesion affecting the nerve supply to the MUSCHIUL TRAPEZ. Which movement would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Elevation and rotation of the scapula

Question 6

Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm and flexion at the elbow joint?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL BICEPS BRAHIAL

Question 7

If the MUSCHIUL PECTORAL MARE is paralyzed, which action would be most compromised?

Accepted Answer

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Question 8

Which muscle inserts on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus and is involved in adduction and medial rotation of the arm?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL ROTUND MARE

Question 9

A patient is unable to retract their scapula towards the vertebral column. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHII ROMBOIZI

Question 10

Which muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the medial surface of the humerus, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL CORACOBRAHIAL; adduction and flexion of the arm

Question 11

Which muscle is most active during quiet inspiration and what is the physiological effect of its contraction?

Accepted Answer

DIAPHRAGMUL; increases thoracic volume by flattening downward

Question 12

A patient with a fractured clavicle has difficulty elevating the first rib during inspiration. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL SUBCLAVICULAR

Question 13

Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the arm and is located in the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL INFRASPINOS

Question 14

Which muscle group is most involved in maintaining posture and extending the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL ERECTOR AL COLOANEI VERTEBRALE

Question 15

A patient is unable to rotate their arm laterally. Which muscle is most likely paralyzed?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL ROTUND MIC

Question 16

Which muscle is responsible for extension of the forearm at the elbow joint?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL ANCONEU

Question 17

Which muscle originates from the occipital protuberance and nuchal ligament, and is involved in elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL TRAPEZ

Question 18

Which muscle is most likely to be involved in stabilizing the scapula against the thoracic wall during pushing movements?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL DINTAT ANTERIOR

Question 19

A patient presents with winged scapula after trauma. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

MUSCHIUL DINTAT ANTERIOR; long thoracic nerve

Muscles of the upper body

Study Guide - Practice Questions