Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates information and coordinates motor output using the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but retains involuntary organ function. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic division of the Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 5

During an action potential, which event occurs when the membrane potential reaches threshold?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization is initiated and the action potential propagates.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na	extsuperscript{+} out and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining a polarized state.

Question 7

A nerve impulse travels faster in myelinated axons due to which process?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation

Question 8

Which protein is the main component of thick myofilaments in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 9

What is the effect on membrane potential when an anion enters the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 10

Which of the following best describes rigor mortis?

Accepted Answer

Stiffening of muscles after death due to lack of ATP

Question 11

A patient with myasthenia gravis experiences muscle weakness because:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction are damaged.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are small, local changes that can sum together.

Question 13

Which muscle tissue type is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 14

What is the correct sequence of events for skeletal muscle contraction beginning with neural stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Neural stimulation of motor neuron → ACh release → AP propagates along sarcolemma → Ca	extsuperscript{2+} released from SR → cross-bridge cycle

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They connect cardiac cells and allow action potentials to spread between cells.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for ATP regeneration during short, intense bursts of muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate pathway: $\mathrm{CP} + \mathrm{ADP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 17

Which of the following is true about smooth muscle contraction compared to skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle contracts slower and lacks sarcomeres.

Question 18

A neuron is at rest with a membrane potential of $-70\ \mathrm{mV}$. If sodium ions ($\mathrm{Na}^+$) rush into the cell, what happens to the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It becomes less negative (depolarization).

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The neuron cannot fire another action potential regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 20

Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the strength of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Amount of myelin in motor neurons

Nervous and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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