Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons, increasing the speed of action potential propagation.

Question 2

A patient presents with rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive motility. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely activated?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 3

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion's movement is primarily responsible for the change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$entering the cell

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 5

Which brain region is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis, including temperature regulation and hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 6

A person suffers damage to the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the fovea centralis has the sharpest vision?

Accepted Answer

It contains a high concentration of cones and is free of blood vessels.

Question 8

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 10

A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and activate gene transcription.

Question 12

Which structure in the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 13

Which of the following is a major function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Increase blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regulation of insulin secretion?

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion increases when blood glucose levels rise.

Question 15

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus will likely experience which of the following chain of events?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose → glycosuria → polyuria → polydipsia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of GLUT-4 in glucose transport?

Accepted Answer

GLUT-4 is a transporter that allows glucose to enter cells in response to insulin.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of the somatic motor division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles using a single neuron pathway.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives → $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ channels open → $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ enters terminal → neurotransmitter released → binds postsynaptic receptor

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the effect of high blood glucose levels on body cells in untreated diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Cells switch from glucose to fat metabolism, increasing blood ketone levels and lowering blood pH.

Nervous, Sensory, and Endocrine Systems: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards