Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing muscle weakness and loss of coordination. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Loss of myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($$E_{ion}) of an $$ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 4

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion channel opens and what is the direction of ion movement?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open; Na$$^+$$ moves into the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They occur at dendrites and cell bodies, and their amplitude depends on stimulus strength.

Question 6

A neuron receives simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which of the following best describes the process that determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation at the axon hillock.

Question 7

Which of the following glial cells is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of voluntary motor control and is deficient in Parkinson’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the primary motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

Initiates voluntary movements by sending signals to skeletal muscles.

Question 10

A patient has damage to Broca’s area. Which symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech.

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique function of the occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

Processing visual information.

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for the propagation of action potentials along the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between gray matter and white matter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, voltage-gated Ca$$^{2+}$$ channels open, neurotransmitter released, neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor, postsynaptic potential generated, neurotransmitter removed.

Question 15

Which equation best represents Ohm’s Law as applied to membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 16

A patient with Huntington’s disease is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled movements and cognitive decline.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the somatosensory association cortex?

Accepted Answer

Integrates sensory input to produce understanding of objects.

Question 18

Which glial cell is found in the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for myelinating axons?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 19

Which of the following best describes synaptic delay?

Accepted Answer

The time between arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal and the generation of a postsynaptic potential.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the frontal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Processing visual information.

Nervous System and Central Nervous System: Study Guide (Chapters 11 & 12)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards