Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for supporting neurons and forming the blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 3

A bundle of axons in the CNS is called a ______, while a bundle of axons in the PNS is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

tract; nerve

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is correct?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside, with a typical resting potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 5

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential, such as during the initiation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated ion channel

Question 6

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ions move into the neuron, and through which channels?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na}^+) $$move into the neuron through voltage-gated sodium channels.

Question 7

Which glial cell type myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 8

A patient has damage to the autonomic nervous system. Which of the following functions is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

If the threshold is reached, the action potential always peaks at $$+30\ \mathrm{mV}$$; if not, no action potential occurs.

Question 10

Which of the following neuron types is most common in the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 11

What is the main function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system

Question 12

Which of the following mechanisms helps maintain the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump

Question 13

If a neuron is exposed to a chemical that blocks ligand-gated sodium channels, what would be the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would be unable to initiate an action potential in response to neurotransmitter binding.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of myelin in neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Myelin insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction via saltatory conduction.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials are local changes in membrane potential that can trigger an action potential if large enough.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron structure with its function?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons; axons propagate signals to other cells.

Question 17

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that prevents potassium channels from opening during repolarization. What is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would remain depolarized for a longer period, delaying repolarization.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Providing support to neuron cell bodies in ganglia

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ ions out of the cell and $$2\ \mathrm{K}^+$$ ions into the cell, helping maintain the resting membrane potential.

Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function

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