$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 2

During the early development of the nervous system, the neural plate forms from which embryonic germ layer?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal root ganglion in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 4

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin of the lateral forearm. Which nerve plexus is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form the myelin sheath

Question 7

Which neural circuit arrangement is responsible for amplifying a signal to multiple postsynaptic neurons, such as in a motor pathway?

Accepted Answer

Divergence

Question 8

A lesion affecting the ventral horn of the spinal cord would most likely result in which clinical deficit?

Accepted Answer

Loss of motor output to skeletal muscles

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Maintain the blood-brain barrier

Question 10

During an action potential, which ion is primarily responsible for the rapid depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 11

Which layer of the meninges is directly adhered to the spinal cord and contains extensions that attach to the arachnoid and dura mater?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 12

Which of the following statements about spinal nerves is correct?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Question 15

Which process describes the formation of the neural tube from the neural plate during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Neurulation

Question 16

Which of the following neuron types is most commonly found in the sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 17

A patient has damage to the white matter of the spinal cord. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Densely packed tracts of myelinated axons

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the ramus communicans in the spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Provides a path for sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the organization of the spinal cord's grey matter?

Accepted Answer

Arranged like a butterfly in the center, creating dorsal and ventral horns

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the ventral root of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It carries motor information from the CNS to the periphery

Nervous System I: Structure, Function, and Development (CNS & PNS, Embryology, Spinal Cord)

Study Guide - Practice Questions