Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It monitors and regulates internal environment conditions by controlling involuntary responses in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 2

During the resting potential of a neuron, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding ion distribution across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

There are 10 times as many Na$$^+$$ ions outside the axon as inside, and the inside is negatively charged.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ion pumps are necessary for neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

They maintain long-term stability by re-establishing ion gradients essential for repeated signaling.

Question 4

A patient is exposed to a sudden threat, causing their pupils to dilate, heart rate to increase, and digestion to slow. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these changes?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Which of the following events occurs first during the formation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na$$^+ to $$enter the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapses involve direct ion flow through pores, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitters across a gap.

Question 7

A drug blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. What is the most likely effect on neural transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be initiated, preventing nerve impulse transmission.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump during the refractory period?

Accepted Answer

It restores the ion balance by transporting 3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+ in$$, returning the neuron to resting potential.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Constricts pupils, decreases heart rate, and stimulates digestion.

Question 10

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which pathway is responsible for carrying the sensory information to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Afferent pathway

Question 11

Which of the following ions is most responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ influx

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is important for the electrical operation of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Water dissolves polar solids like NaCl, allowing ions to move freely and carry electrical signals.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along an axon?

Accepted Answer

It is a wave of depolarization followed by repolarization that travels from the axon hillock to the axon terminal.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

They are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting potential → Na$$^+$$ influx → Depolarization → K$$^+$$ efflux → Repolarization

Question 16

A patient has a disorder that prevents the parasympathetic nervous system from functioning. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and reduced salivation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the efferent pathway in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It transmits signals from the CNS to muscles and glands to produce a response.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential during hyperpolarization?

Accepted Answer

Potassium channels remain open longer, allowing extra K$$^+ to $$exit the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of the sympathetic nervous system in action?

Accepted Answer

Running from a dangerous animal, with increased heart rate and dilated pupils

Nervous System Part II: Organization, Function, and Neural Transmission

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