Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and impaired coordination. MRI reveals areas of hardened tissue (sclerosis) in the CNS. Which disease is most likely responsible, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis; autoimmune attack on CNS myelin sheaths.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the movement of ions during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Na^+_{out}} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+_{in}}$

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the sensory division (afferent) of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Accepted Answer

Carries impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS.

Question 5

A neuron receives a stimulus that is below threshold. What will happen according to the 'all-or-nothing' principle?

Accepted Answer

No action potential will be generated.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction.

Question 7

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the brain and spinal cord and has multiple processes extending from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 8

During repolarization of an action potential, which ion movement is primarily responsible for restoring the negative membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{K^+_{in}} \rightarrow \mathrm{K^+_{out}}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 10

A patient has damage to the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Decreased digestive activity and reduced salivation

Question 11

Which structure acts as the main relay station for sensory information entering the brain?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receive incoming electrical signals toward the cell body

Question 13

Which equation represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$3\ \mathrm{Na^+_{out}} : 2\ \mathrm{K^+_{in}}$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between white matter and grey matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains dense collections of myelinated fibers, while grey matter contains mostly neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers.

Question 15

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this rapid response?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They cushion and protect neuron cell bodies, helping regulate the chemical environment.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization → Repolarization → Resting conditions restored

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around CNS axons, increasing impulse speed.

Question 19

A patient has a lesion affecting the motor division (efferent) of the PNS. Which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement of skeletal muscles

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ganglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Serve as relay stations for processing and transmitting nerve signals outside the CNS.

Nervous System Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards