Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They secrete nutrients, create the blood-brain barrier, and absorb excess neurotransmitters and potassium.

Question 2

A patient suffers from a loss of sensation in their limbs. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of somas in the CNS, while ganglia are clusters of somas in the PNS.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the metabolic requirement of a neuron for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They create myelin sheaths in the CNS.

Question 6

A reflex arc consists of several components. Which is the correct order of events in a simple reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated axons.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

Multiple dendrites and one axon

Question 9

Which part of the neuron is responsible for storing and releasing neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic knob

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming blood-brain barrier

Question 11

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nervous system (PNS). What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired formation of myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a nerve fiber?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of fascicles, while a nerve fiber is a single axon.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the location of gray matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is found in the inner core of the spinal cord.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of a monosynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

It is the simplest and fastest reflex, involving 1 synapse and 2 neurons.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the widest section of the axon, attaches to the soma, and has a trigger zone where the signal starts.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between the myelin sheath in the CNS and PNS?

Accepted Answer

In the CNS, multiple cells myelinate one axon; in the PNS, one Schwann cell myelinates one axon.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Surround neuron cell bodies

Question 20

A patient is unable to withdraw their hand quickly from a hot surface. Which type of reflex is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Polysynaptic reflex

Nervous System: Structure and Function Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions