Question 1

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin in the central nervous system. Which of the following best explains how this affects nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials must travel along the entire axon, slowing conduction speed.

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing myelin around several axons in the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

During the generation of an action potential, which ion influx is primarily responsible for depolarizing the neuron membrane?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine/epinephrine

Question 6

What is the main function of the nodes of Ranvier in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

To allow action potentials to 'jump' between myelinated segments

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is negatively charged, maintained by Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pumps

Question 8

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in sensory organs and is characterized by a single process that divides into two branches?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 9

Astrocytes are neuroglial cells found in the CNS. What is one of their primary functions?

Accepted Answer

Regulating movement of substances in the blood-brain barrier

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce myelin around axons in the PNS

Question 11

A neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft after which of the following events?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane due to Ca$$^{2+}$$ influx

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is a major mediator of excitatory signals and is involved in cognition, memory, and learning?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials only occur at the nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for phagocytosing bacteria and cellular debris in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the transport of substances between cerebrospinal fluid and the brain

Question 16

Which of the following is the most abundant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node, reducing the number of depolarizations required

Question 18

Which of the following is a natural painkiller released in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Enkephalin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the afferent peripheral system?

Accepted Answer

It transmits sensory input from the external and internal environment to the CNS

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is most involved in regulating anxiety, happiness, and mood?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Nervous System Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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