Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which structure in the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid and is continuous with the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 2

A patient suffers a lesion to the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory processing

Question 3

The cauda equina is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of nerve roots at the inferior end of the spinal cord

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid in the eye?

Accepted Answer

It provides blood supply and nutrients to the retina

Question 5

A cross-section of the spinal cord reveals a butterfly-shaped area. What is this area primarily composed of?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter

Question 6

If the intercostal nerves are damaged, which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensation and movement of the thoracic wall

Question 7

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 8

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the lower limbs but retains motor function. Which region of the spinal cord is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Posterior column

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the iris in the eye?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the diameter of the pupil

Question 10

During a lumbar puncture, a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space. Which anatomical landmark is most important for locating the correct site?

Accepted Answer

Iliac crests (L3-L4 level)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the spinal cord ends at the level of L1-L2 in adults, but the vertebral column continues further?

Accepted Answer

The vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord during development

Question 12

A demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis primarily affects which part of the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the eye from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Sclera, choroid, retina

Question 14

A patient has a lesion affecting the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Which symptom is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis of skeletal muscles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the central canal in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It contains cerebrospinal fluid for nutrient and waste exchange

Question 16

If a person has damage to the retina, which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Detection of light and conversion to neural signals

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of myelin in nerve conduction?

Accepted Answer

It allows for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of action potentials

Question 18

A patient with a spinal cord injury at the cervical level is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis of both upper and lower limbs (quadriplegia)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the posterior median sulcus?

Accepted Answer

It is a groove that partially divides the spinal cord into right and left halves

Question 20

A patient presents with loss of sensation and motor function below the level of a spinal cord injury. Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves ($$n) $$and the number of vertebrae ($$v) in $$the cervical region?

Accepted Answer

$$n = v + 1$$

Nervous System Structure and Function: Study Notes for Lab Exam #3

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