Q: During the resting membrane potential, which ions are most concentrated inside and outside the neuron, respectively?

K\textsuperscript{+} inside, Na\textsuperscript{+} outside

Q: Which of the following best describes what happens when a neuron reaches threshold?

Voltage-gated Na\textsuperscript{+} channels open, leading to rapid depolarization

Q: During depolarization of an action potential, the membrane potential becomes less negative. This is primarily due to:

Influx of Na\textsuperscript{+} ions into the cell

Q: Which of the following best explains how lidocaine blocks pain signals?

It blocks voltage-gated Na\textsuperscript{+} channels, preventing action potential propagation

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a general function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Generating action potentials for rapid communication

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS.

Question 3

During the resting membrane potential, which ions are most concentrated inside and outside the neuron, respectively?

Accepted Answer

K	extsuperscript{+} inside, Na	extsuperscript{+} outside

Question 4

What is the primary function of myelin sheaths formed by glial cells?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed of action potential conduction along the axon

Question 5

Which of the following best describes what happens when a neuron reaches threshold?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels open, leading to rapid depolarization

Question 6

During depolarization of an action potential, the membrane potential becomes less negative. This is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Influx of Na	extsuperscript{+} ions into the cell

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how lidocaine blocks pain signals?

Accepted Answer

It blocks voltage-gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels, preventing action potential propagation

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between a neuron and a glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neurons conduct electrical impulses, while glial cells provide support and protection

Question 9

A patient is given a drug that blocks voltage-gated K	extsuperscript{+} channels. What is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization will be delayed, prolonging the action potential

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated if threshold is reached

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{outside}}{[ion]_{inside}} \right)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next in a process called saltatory conduction

Question 13

A neuron is at rest with a membrane potential of $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. If $$the membrane suddenly becomes permeable to Na	extsuperscript{+}, what will happen to the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It will become more positive (depolarize)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of voltage-gated ion channels in neurons?

Accepted Answer

They open or close in response to changes in membrane potential, allowing specific ions to cross the membrane

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of threshold in neuronal action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A neuron only fires an action potential if the depolarization reaches a specific voltage

Question 16

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which ion movement is primarily responsible for returning the membrane potential toward the resting value?

Accepted Answer

Efflux of K	extsuperscript{+} ions out of the cell

Question 17

A patient with multiple sclerosis has damaged myelin sheaths. Which of the following symptoms is most likely due to this damage?

Accepted Answer

Slowed or blocked transmission of nerve impulses

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Na	extsuperscript{+} and K	extsuperscript{+} ions move into or out of the cell when voltage-gated channels open?

Accepted Answer

They move down their electrochemical gradients

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting potential $$ \rightarrow $$ depolarization $$ \rightarrow $$ repolarization $$ \rightarrow $$ hyperpolarization $$ \rightarrow $$ return to resting potential

Nervous System Structure and Neuronal Physiology Study Guide

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