Question 1

Which of the following structures is derived from the telencephalon during brain development?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

A patient presents with one-sided paralysis (hemiplegia) after a cerebrovascular accident. Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Allowing metabolic wastes to freely enter the brain

Question 4

Damage to the ventral root of the spinal cord results in which type of paralysis?

Accepted Answer

Flaccid paralysis

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is responsible for activating muscles of facial expression and stimulating the lacrimal and salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 6

Which nerve plexus contains the phrenic nerve, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Cervical plexus; innervates the diaphragm for breathing

Question 7

During embryonic development, which process increases the surface area of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Folding of the hemispheres

Question 8

Which of the following is a sympathetic effect on the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Decreases activity and constricts digestive sphincters

Question 9

A patient experiences a transient ischemic attack (TIA). What is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain

Question 10

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood pressure ($BP$), cardiac output ($CO$), and total peripheral resistance ($TPR$) in the context of orthostatic hypotension?

Accepted Answer

$BP = CO 	imes TPR$

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effects of aging on the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Brain weight and volume steadily decline after reaching maximum

Question 12

Which region of the adult brain is responsible for regulating breathing, swallowing, and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

A patient with damage to the Broca's area of the brain would most likely experience which symptom?

Accepted Answer

Motor aphasia (difficulty producing speech)

Question 14

Which of the following substances can pass through the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble molecules

Question 15

Which nerve is most likely to be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, resulting in impaired dexterity and sensation in the hand?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Question 16

Which of the following is a parasympathetic effect on the eye?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of the pupil and bulging of the lens for close vision

Question 17

A patient with a spinal cord transection at the cervical level would most likely experience which condition?

Accepted Answer

Quadriplegia

Question 18

Which equation describes the calculation of cerebral perfusion pressure ($CPP$) given mean arterial pressure ($MAP$) and intracranial pressure ($ICP$)?

Accepted Answer

$CPP = MAP - ICP$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of voluntary muscle movements and balance

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a less efficient sympathetic nervous system in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension and fainting

Nervous System: Structure, Development, and Major Regions

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