Question 1

Which neuroglial cell type is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

A patient suffers a peripheral nerve injury. Which process is most likely to occur during regeneration, and what is the approximate rate of axonal regrowth?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells guide axonal sprouts and regrowth occurs at 1-5 mm/day

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neurons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are amitotic and require continuous supplies of oxygen and glucose

Question 4

Which structural classification of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Support neurons and anchor them to blood capillaries

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the direction of electrical signal conduction in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

From dendrites toward the cell body, then away from the cell body along the axon

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated fibers are referred to as white matter and conduct impulses rapidly

Question 8

A patient has damage to the CNS. Why is regeneration of axons unlikely in this region?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells do not exist in the CNS to guide regrowth

Question 9

Which functional classification of neuron carries impulses AWAY from the CNS to effector organs?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) neurons

Question 10

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 11

If a neuron has one axon and numerous branching dendrites, what is its structural classification?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Engulf and remove debris and microorganisms

Question 13

Which cell type forms myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 14

What is the primary function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Control the chemical environment for neuron survival

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps between adjacent Schwann cells in the PNS

Question 16

Bundles of neuron processes (dendrites and axons) are called what in the CNS and PNS, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS

Question 17

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin. Which functional classification of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between axon diameter and conduction velocity in myelinated neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about regeneration of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerve fibers can regenerate if the damage is not too close to the cell body

Question 20

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Cellular Organization

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