Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion across a neuronal membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate body activities by transmitting electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerves

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin and inability to detect temperature changes. Which type of general sensory receptor is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptors

Question 4

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter is composed primarily of myelinated axons.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the astrocytes, a type of neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Forming the blood-brain barrier

Question 7

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals at its dendrites. What process determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Integration at the axon hillock, where the membrane potential must reach threshold ($$V_{	ext{threshold}})$$

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the region of the brain with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Brain stem: regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing

Question 9

Which meningeal layer is responsible for containing cerebrospinal fluid and providing a cushioning effect for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Arachnoid mater

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the blood-brain barrier is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells and astrocyte end-feet.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

Which structural classification of neurons is most commonly found in the sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the general structure of a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons, blood vessels, and connective tissue

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the generation and conduction of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, return to resting potential

Question 15

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, and where do its preganglionic neurons originate?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic; thoracolumbar region

Question 16

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formula for calculating conduction velocity ($$v) of a $$nerve impulse along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \sqrt{\frac{d}{R_m \cdot C_m}}$$

Question 18

Which of the following effects is produced by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and increased digestive activity

Question 19

Which anatomical region of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving synaptic input from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 20

A patient suffers a stroke affecting the left cerebral hemisphere. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired speech and right-sided motor deficits

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