Q: Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in restoring resting membrane potential?

$2 \mathrm{K}^+ \text{ in},\ 3 \mathrm{Na}^+ \text{ out}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sensory (afferent) division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It carries impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which type of neuroglia is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps between nodes of Ranvier, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 4

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which sequence best describes the flow of information in the nervous system for this reflex?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why damage to the myelin sheath can result in slower nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow for saltatory conduction, so without them, impulses must travel the entire axon membrane.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in restoring resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$2 \mathrm{K}^+ 	ext{ in},\ 3 \mathrm{Na}^+ 	ext{ out}$

Question 7

A patient is unable to control their heart rate and digestion after a traumatic brain injury. Which part of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to blood capillaries and controlling the chemical environment

Question 9

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which ion channel opens and what is the direction of ion movement?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{K}^+$ channels open; $\mathrm{K}^+$ moves out of the cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

Question 11

A person is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but can still control heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells – circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

Which structural classification of neurons is most common in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons

Question 14

A patient has a tumor that is compressing the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the skin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, while the parasympathetic system promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They help regenerate damaged nerves in the PNS.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of cutaneous receptors?

Accepted Answer

They detect touch, pressure, temperature, and pain in the skin.

Question 18

During an action potential, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization → Repolarization → Resting potential

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why neurons in the CNS cannot regenerate as easily as those in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

CNS neurons lack a neurilemma, which is present in PNS neurons and aids regeneration.

Question 20

A person is exposed to a stressful situation and experiences increased heart rate and sweating. Which neurotransmitter and division of the nervous system are primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine; Sympathetic nervous system

Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Signal Transmission

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