Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of neuroglia (glial cells) in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

They support and protect neurons, outnumbering them and forming the structural framework of nervous tissue.

Question 2

A patient suffers from a disease that destroys oligodendrocytes in the CNS. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of insulation for axons, resulting in slower and weaker electrical impulses.

Question 3

Which neuron type is most commonly found in the body and is responsible for controlling skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 4

During a rapid depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion is primarily responsible for the change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$\mathrm{Na}^+)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why action potentials do not diminish in strength as they travel along the axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential is regenerated at each segment of the axon by voltage-gated ion channels.

Question 6

A neuron has a resting membrane potential ($$\mathrm{RMP}) of$$ $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. If $$the threshold for an action potential is $$-60\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what must happen for the neuron to fire?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential must depolarize to at least $$-60\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 7

Which glial cell is responsible for cleaning up cellular debris and pathogens by phagocytosis in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 8

Saltatory propagation of an action potential occurs in which type of axon?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

During the relative refractory period, a stronger-than-normal stimulus can trigger another action potential.

Question 10

A neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. What is the effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is less likely to generate an action potential.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

They monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Question 12

If a neuron receives multiple excitatory inputs that depolarize the membrane but do not reach threshold, what type of potential is generated?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

They are myelinated, have large diameters, and transmit information rapidly ($$120\ \mathrm{m/sec}).$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

An action potential is triggered only if the threshold is reached; otherwise, no action potential occurs.

Question 15

Which type of neuron is found in special sense organs and has one dendrite and one axon?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 16

A synapse where the signal is transmitted by direct physical contact between cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapse

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They insulate axons in the PNS and create myelin for insulation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central canal and ventricles in the brain.

Question 19

If a neuron is exposed to a neurotransmitter that binds to chemically gated ion channels, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The ion channels open in response to the binding of the neurotransmitter (ligand).

Question 20

A patient is experiencing synaptic fatigue. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters cannot be synthesized fast enough to meet the demands of intense stimuli, weakening synaptic response.

Nervous Tissue and Neural Physiology: Structure, Function, and Communication

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