Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory data and motor commands.

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness and paralysis after exposure to mercury. Which process is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 4

Which neuroglia is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

Question 6

A rabies virus travels from the site of a bite to the CNS. Which axonal transport mechanism is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde flow

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cells ($$N_{Schwann}) $$required to myelinate an axon of length $$L$$ with internode length $$l in $$the PNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{Schwann} = L \div l$$

Question 8

Which neuroglia acts as the 'janitors and police force' of the CNS, providing defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 11

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing loss of motor control. Which structure is primarily targeted by the disease?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing and recycling neurotransmitters

Question 13

Which neuron type is most likely to be found in the retina, relaying information about sight?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons carry information from receptors to the CNS; motor neurons carry commands from the CNS to effectors.

Question 15

Which equation would you use to calculate the total number of dendrites ($$N_{dendrites}) if a $$multipolar neuron has $$n$$ dendritic branches per neuron and there are $$m$$ neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{dendrites} = n 	imes m$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The efferent division carries commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues.

Question 17

Which neuroglia in the PNS regulates the composition of interstitial fluid around neuron cell bodies in ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cells

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

The axon hillock is where the axon joins the cell body.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity within the CNS.

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of demyelination in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation and motor control

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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