Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrate, process, and coordinate sensory data and motor commands

Question 3

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the CNS and is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 4

A patient presents with numbness and paralysis due to demyelination. Which cells are most likely affected in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 5

Which neuroglia is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the flow of materials from the cell body to the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde flow

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of myelinated axons and the number of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{myelinated\_axons} \u003e N_{oligodendrocytes}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Engulfing cellular debris and pathogens

Question 9

Which type of neuron is most likely to function as a sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

Question 11

A viral infection such as rabies travels from the axon terminal toward the cell body. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde flow

Question 12

Which neuroglia in the PNS regulates the interstitial fluid around neuron cell bodies in ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cells

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lining the ventricles and central canal, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with demyelination in young adults and is thought to be autoimmune in origin?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of Schwann cells and the number of myelinated segments in a single axon in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{Schwann\ cells} = N_{myelinated\ segments}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity within the CNS

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The afferent division brings sensory information to the CNS; the efferent division carries commands from the CNS to effectors

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of chronic exposure to heavy metals such as lead or mercury?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination leading to loss of sensation and motor control

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS and can myelinate multiple axons; Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS and myelinate only one segment of one axon

Nervous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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